Procrastinación académica y su influencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios
Palabras clave:
Procrastinación académica, Rendimiento, Tiempo, Distracciones digitales, BienestarResumen
La procrastinación académica es el aplazamiento voluntario e irracional de tareas educativas, pese a conocer sus consecuencias negativas, afectando el rendimiento y bienestar estudiantil. Es un fenómeno frecuente en el ámbito universitario, donde entre el 10% y el 70% de estudiantes de la carrera de educación básica, posponen sus responsabilidades. Se asocia con mala gestión del tiempo, preferencia por recompensas inmediatas y distracciones, especialmente digitales, como redes sociales y videos cortos, que fomentan la gratificación instantánea y reducen la capacidad de concentración. Factores como el estrés, ansiedad, depresión, presión académica y económica, así como la falta de motivación y desapego institucional, incrementan su incidencia. La pandemia de COVID-19 y el aprendizaje virtual intensificaron este problema, sumando incertidumbre y dificultades de autorregulación. La adicción a contenidos digitales de corta duración, identificada como un factor emergente, interfiere en la planificación académica, motivación intrínseca y logro de metas a largo plazo, favoreciendo el “cyberslacking”. Las consecuencias incluyen bajo rendimiento, estrés emocional y disminución de la satisfacción académica. Debido a la complejidad del fenómeno, se requiere investigar cómo las particularidades del uso tecnológico influyen en la procrastinación y desarrollar estrategias institucionales que promuevan la autogestión, la regulación del tiempo y la adaptación académica, mejorando así el éxito y la permanencia estudiantil.
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