Estrategias de adaptación curricular en segundo grado para estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales.

Abstract

This paper addresses the importance of curriculum adaptation strategies in second grade as a fundamental part of inclusive education in the Ecuadorian context. These strategies respond to the legal framework established by the Organic Law on Intercultural Education (LOEI) and the regulations of the Ministry of Education, which promote respect for diversity and guarantee the rights of students with special educational needs (SEN). Curricular adaptations are classified into two types: access, aimed at facilitating student participation through adjustments to the physical environment, teaching resources, and media; and curricular adaptations, which can be non-significant (methodological or assessment modifications that do not alter the learning objectives) or significant (adjustments to content and objectives, adapted to the student's level and pace). In second grade, the implementation of concrete and visual resources, multisensory teaching strategies, short and structured activities, the use of pictograms, collaborative work, and personalized support are suggested. These actions must be articulated within an Individual Support Plan (ISP), developed jointly by the DECE (Department of Education), teachers, families, and other involved specialists. The importance of continuous, formative, and flexible assessment that responds to individual progress is also highlighted. The implementation of these strategies not only promotes the learning of students with special educational needs, but also strengthens an inclusive, empathetic, and nurturing environment for the entire educational community.