NDVI como predictor del rendimiento de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) utilizando teledetección: Revision sistematica
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Resumen
La evaluación del rendimiento en cultivos de palma aceitera (Elais guineensis) enfrenta limitaciones asociadas a la variabilidad espacial del dosel y la detección tardía del estrés fisiológico, lo que ha impulsado el uso de índices espectrales como el NDVI en sistemas de teledetección. En este sentido la presenta investigación analiza el potencial del NDVI como predictor del rendimiento mediante una síntesis de evidencia científica. Método: Se adopto un enfoque cualitativo basado en una revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR), siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, lo que permitió identificar, seleccionar y analizar estudios publicados entre 2020 – 2025 en bases de datos de alto impacto, considerando criterios de inclusión relacionados con teledetección, agricultura de precisión y modelación del rendimiento. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencia que el NDVI se consolida como un indicador robusto del vigor vegetativo mostrando una relación consistente con la biomasa y la productividad del cultivo; asimismo, se identificó que su integración con modelos estadísticos y herramientas geoespaciales mejora significativamente la estimación del rendimiento, aunque presenta limitaciones en condiciones de alta densidad foliar. Conclusiones: La evidencia analizada permite establecer que la combinación del NDVI con índices complementarios y tecnologías emergentes como la inteligencia artificial, fortalece la capacidad predictiva del rendimiento facilitando la transición hacia sistemas de agricultura de precisión y contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad de la Palmi cultura en contextos tropicales.
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