Evaluación del sistema de agua potable de la cabecera parroquial Caracol y propuesta de mejoras

Abstract

The components of the existing system are: a perforated well, submersible pumping system, high reserve of 45 m3 and distribution network with polyethylene pipes; the people of remote areas receive little flow and low pressure; they are forced to collect water in containers, and before consuming it they leave it to rest for a certain time until the particles settle. The values collected by the drinking water service are insufficient to cover the expenses demanded by the system. Disinfecting groundwater with chlorine is simple and economical. Aeration is mainly used to oxidize iron and remove gases present in water. The main objective of a distribution network is to provide water to users for their consumption in quantity, quality and adequate pressure. The applied methodology considers the socio-economic characteristics of the population, the compilation of existing bibliographic and field information. National and international standards and hydraulic principles proposed by several authors were applied, among them, Hazen - Williams and Hardy Cross for the hydraulic evaluation of the distribution network. The study shows that the system is inefficient and the service is not continuous. The proposed improvement consists of: drilling a new well, installing a 12.5 HP submersible electric pump, aeration treatment, filtration and disinfection, low reserve tank of 185 m3, high reserve tank of 94 m3, pumping system to the high reserve of 7.5 HP and a distribution network with pipes with diameters of 160mm, 110mm and 75mm. It is necessary to apply the proposed improvement plan.