Factores que inciden en el desarrollo de úlceras por presión en pacientes hospitalizados

Abstract

The World Health Organization defines pressure ulcers as ischemic necrosis of the skin, as well as subcutaneous tissues due to pressure exerted on a bony prominence; it has been described as a multifactorial etiology. Objective: Determine the factors that influence the development of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients. Methodology: The research design was non-experimental and quantitative, descriptive, field and cross. Results: Among the sociodemographic characteristics, the age range over 60 years (49%), male sex (61.2%), secondary educational level (40.8%), independent workers (34.7%) were identified. and urban-marginal origin (51.0%); intrinsic factors, overweight (44.9%), limited sensory perception (46.9%) and immobility (46.9%); extrinsic factors, hospital stay of 1 to 3 months (71.4%), very moist skin (53.1%), confined to bed or chair (34.7%), inadequate nutrition (44.9%), friction present (67.3%) and supine position (63.3%); and located in the sacrum (55.1%). Conclusions: There are some intrinsic and extrinsic factors that increase the risk of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients.