Functions of the mitochondria and its role in associated pathologies
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Abstract
Mitochondria, an organelle present in eukaryotic cells, play a vital role in energy production and regulation of metabolism. Discovered in 1898, its complex structure comprises highly folded external and internal membranes. The electron transport chain, located in the inner membrane, generates an electrochemical gradient essential for the synthesis of ATP, the main source of cellular energy. In addition to its energetic function, mitochondria participate in the regulation of metabolism, being crucial in the oxidation of fatty acids, synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides, and in apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, associated with diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, have been the subject of intense research. The study of clinical cases, such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome, highlights the diversity of manifestations and the importance of early diagnosis. The specialized structure of the mitochondria and its connection with pathologies underline its relevance in cellular and molecular biology. Understanding mitochondrial alterations is essential to develop therapeutic strategies and advance personalized medicine, highlighting the continued need for research in this field.
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