Evaluation of the catalytic properties of various materials in the production of biodiesel
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Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative to replace mineral diesel as it has a smaller environmental footprint and contributes directly to environmental conservation. Heterogeneous catalysis is a viable technological alternative to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil. In this work, CaO was used as mass catalyst, and three catalysts supported on alumina with 3% potassium by the incipient wetness impregnation method: KNO3/Al2O3, KI/Al2O3 and KF/Al2O3. Catalytic tests were carried out, keeping fixed: temperature, pressure, amount of catalyst and methanol:oil molar ratio, and varying reaction time and type of catalyst, following a 42 factorial experimental design. The vegetable oil used and the final product were characterized. adhering to Ecuadorian quality standards. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the content of methyl esters, finding that, after the point of maximum concentration of these, higher molecular weight compounds are formed, possibly the result of secondary reactions. Among the catalysts studied, CaO reached 99.29% of methyl esters at 4 h of reaction and a yield of 62.16%, showing the highest catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction, the order of activity was: CaO > KNO3/Al2O3 > KI/Al2 O3 > KF/Al2O3. The quality of the biodiesel obtained by the use of CaO at its maximum activity point presents optimal values of density, kinematic viscosity and flash point according to the standard, obtaining a quality product suitable for commercialization.
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