Conceptualización del desarrollo y la pobreza desde el pensamiento Aristotélico hasta el enfoque de sostenibilidad en el marco del Antropoceno

Abstract

This article has the purpose of systematizing and synthesizing the evolution of the concepts of development and poverty, identifying the essential characteristics of the proposals with the greatest impact, for which an extensive bibliographic review was carried out taking the most prominent authors of the lines of predominant thoughts since the birth of Economics as a science until today, and that have focused their efforts on understanding these concepts; finding that, in a simplified way, its evolution can be grouped into three groups: one-dimensional development, focused on economic growth and access to work to obtain monetary resources that alleviate poverty; two-dimensional development: economic and social, which gained strength with the emergence of the discipline called Development Economics, which, despite continuing to focus on economic growth, considered the distribution of wealth as a key element, analyzing the problems of inequality and poverty through starting from economic but also social approaches related to unsatisfied needs; and, finally, sustainable human development, which uses a multidimensional approach, taking elements from different social and natural sciences, emerging the HDI and IPM as widely accepted methodologies, but which have been criticized because countries classified as developed aggressive environmental damage and they preserve strong social inequalities, so that, with the new proposals designed since the Anthropocene, the concept of development demands a triple balance: economic, social and environmental, tending to reduce the gaps in each dimension.