Frecuencia de helmintiosis intestinales en menores de 12 años de una unidad educativa rural. Ecuador

Abstract

Intestinal parasitosis are infections by protozoa and helminths, which represent a serious public health problem, with wide distribution in the world and a great predominance in underdeveloped countries in rural areas, with children being the most affected. The objective of the research was to establish the frequency of intestinal helminthiasis in children under 12 years and their relationship to environmental and social determinants in the María Luisa de Sotomayor Educational Unit of el Porvenir Campus, Babahoyo, Los Ríos. A field, exploratory, descriptive and cross-cutting study was conducted, with a qualitative- quantitative approach between October 2019 and January 2020. Direct and concentration qualitative coproparasitological examinations were performed, in addition to the Kato-Katz technique as an appropriate method of quantification; the technique of direct unstruct structured scientific observation and surveys was used. Of the total sample of 70 children under the age of 12, 87.1%, parasitized, of this percentage, 42.6 %, was infected with helminths, predominantly Ascaris lumbricoides with 27.9% and Ancilostomides with 21.31%. There was a greater predominance of parasitic minors in the range of 8 to 12 years, so the male gender prevailed with a higher percentage. The social determinants that most closely related to intestinal parasitosis were hygienic, environmental and socio-economic factors, such as the consumption of uns boiled water, lack of sewerage systems and poor health education in the population. In the geographical area, climate risk factors also played a significant role.