Estudio comparativo de parasitosis intestinales en niños de dos instituciones educativas rurales de las provincias Los Ríos y Bolívar. Ecuador

Abstract

Intestinal parasitosis are etiological factors for infectious diseases especially in schoolchildren in rural areas. In Ecuador, they occupy the first causes of outpatient care in pediatrics. This descriptive, retrospective, cross-cutting study, with a qualitative-quantitative approach, used documentary review, bibliographic data analysis, scientific observation and surveying at two rural schools in Ecuador in January 2020. In the María Luisa de Sotomayor Educational Unit, El Porvenir, Babahoyo, Los Ríos, a sample of 70 schoolchildren was worked on, while at the Francisco Pizarro School of Basic Education, Caluma, Bolívar, the exhibition consisted of 56. For coproparasitological examinations, wet and concentration direct examination techniques were used, in addition to the Kato-Katz quantification technique, allowing the diagnosis of 88.1% of infected schoolchildren. In both institutions, the group of 8 to 12 years, was where intestinal parasitosis predominated, excelling the male genus. In the María Luisa Educational Unit of Sotomayor, 87.1%, the total sample was found parasitic and at the Francisco Pizarro School of Basic Education, 89.3%. The symptomatology presented by children at both educational institutions was abdominal pain, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhoea. Risk factors included weather conditions such as frequent rains, high relative humidity and high temperatures; insufficient hand washing, poor water quality for human consumption and the lack of a sewerage system were evident.